The Land Revenue In China Has Been Nearly 13 &Nbsp For Nearly 13 Trillion Years.

From 1999 to 2011, these thirteen years were China's land. Assets In the most rapid era, the total income of land spanfer was about 12 trillion and 750 billion yuan, almost 1 trillion yuan per year.

Unexpectedly, even in 2011, when the property market in key cities was sluggish, the income of land sold in the whole year was still up to 3 trillion and 150 billion yuan, a record high. Beijing , Shanghai And other places have entered the "100 billion" club of land revenue.

However, the whereabouts of this huge sum of money are not known to the public because few city governments are open to the public. In addition, in recent years, frequent government officials involved in the "land spanfer" corruption cases, the controversy over the supervision of "land money" is heating up.

Climbing year by year

Since the 90s of last century tax reform After that, the land revenue was basically assigned to the local government, and gradually became the second local finance in the process of practice. Land revenue accounts for a large proportion of local government finance, and some cities even exceed 50%. If combined with other related income, this proportion may be higher.

The data released by the Ministry of land and resources in February 2010 showed that in the ten years of ~2008 in 1999, the total income of land sold in the whole country was 5 trillion and 300 billion yuan. Most of them were obtained from the "land auction" in 2004.

2008 of the property market Regulation Direct impact on the land market, when the national land spanfer income of about 960 billion yuan, down 20% over the same period. But in 2009, the property market suddenly turned to the "land king" in the land market, and the total land revenue increased to about 1 trillion and 590 billion yuan in that year. And in 2010, this data increased sharply with the hot property market to 2 trillion and 710 billion yuan, and the scale was amazing.

Xu Shaoshi, Minister of land and resources, revealed that although the price of land spanfer contract has increased in 2011, the increase has dropped considerably. However, he did not publish specific data as he did in previous years.

Recently, Han Jun, deputy director of the State Council Development Research Center, wrote in a paper media that in 2011, the income of land leasing in China has exceeded 3 trillion and 150 billion yuan. This is the first official disclosure of this data.

Why did the land market decline as the property market declined in 2008? An authoritative person told reporters that the reason for the slight increase in land sales in 2011 is related to regional differences and structural differences. The so-called regional differences, that is, some key cities are subject to greater impact on the property market regulation, but more two or three tier cities have increased. The so-called structural difference refers to a slight decrease in the income from the sale of commercial housing land, but the increase in industrial land spanactions is very large, and to some extent, it has hedged the former.

The Ministry of finance's "public revenue and expenditure in 2011" shows that in 2011, the national fiscal revenue was 103740 billion yuan, an increase of 20639 billion yuan over the previous year, of which the local level income was 52434 billion yuan.

This shows that the income of local land spanfer in 2011 accounted for 60% of the local fiscal revenue. {page_break}

Net income is more than half.

Of course, the above income is not entirely the pure income of local governments. The cost of local government should also be eliminated, including compensation for land lost farmers in the process of land expropriation. However, industry experts have estimated that the net income of land spanfer is generally more than 40%, except for land expropriation, demolition, compensation, tax and other costs. However, this data has not yet been officially recognized.

The Ministry of finance's report on the implementation of the central and local budgets in 2010 and the draft central and local budgets in 2011 showed that in 2010 the income of the spanfer of the right to the use of state-owned land was 2 trillion and 910 billion 994 million yuan (where the land revenue was the Ministry of finance, slightly different from the statistics of the Ministry of land), and the expenditure was 2 trillion and 697 billion 579 million yuan in the year, which included 1 trillion and 339 billion 560 million yuan of cost expenditures such as land requisition compensation, demolition compensation, 46 billion 362 million yuan of low rent housing security expenditure, and 753 billion 167 million yuan for urban construction expenditures.

This shows that the cost expenditure of the local government in 2010 was about 46% of the land revenue of that year, slightly higher than that of the industry.

But simple calculation can be drawn that the net income of local governments was still around 1 trillion and 500 billion yuan.

This reporter received a report on the official land spanfer of a key city, which showed that the land spanfer in 2011 was paid up to 107 billion 900 million yuan, and the net income after deducting the cost of land reserve was 62 billion 100 million yuan. This means that the net income of land spanfer is over 60%.

Big head for urban construction

As an important resource, land, if it can bring value-added benefits to the society and be used for people's livelihood, is beyond reproach. However, the direction of the use of these wealth is rarely released elsewhere. The above-mentioned report of the Ministry of finance has been mentioned, but it is still relatively general. Whether it is fair or not, whether there is corruption or not, it is also inevitable for the outside world to worry about this.

In recent years, the central government has continuously made provisions on local land revenue expenditure. If the Ministry of Finance issued the "low rent housing security fund management measures" as early as 2007, it is stipulated that from January 1, 2008, the local financial departments at all levels should arrange for the low rent housing guarantee from the net income of land spanfer according to the ratio of not less than 10%.

Others include the proportion of not less than 15% for agricultural land development, 10% for irrigation and water conservancy construction, and 10% for education funds. If implemented, it means that more than half of the land revenue should be paid for the livelihood of the people.

However, according to the above Treasury report, the main expenditure of local government land revenue is still urban construction.

Han Jun also pointed out in the article that the distribution of land revenue is obviously tilted to the city: the income of land leasing has exceeded 3 trillion and 150 billion last year, but by the end of last 10, the land spanfer income was only 123 billion 400 million yuan for the "three rural" expenditure.

The above Treasury report also shows that low rent housing security expenditure accounted for only 1.59% of the total land revenue in 2010. In the current expenditure on land revenue, low rent housing security expenditure accounted for only 1.7%.

Han Jun said that, in line with the national land use control and land use master plan, more non-agricultural construction land should be left to farmers to collectively develop, so that farmers can directly share the added value of land.