To Read Ancient Chinese Textiles From Several Rare Chinese Characters

The practice of textile production of people of all nationalities in our country has a long history and has a very wide range of influence on people's material life and spiritual life.

Therefore, the ancient textile related text information is very rich, in my Chinese culture in a special position.

In the Chinese language of the Han Dynasty, a large number of words and words are related to textile production.

In oracle bones already found, there are more than 100 words beside it.

In the "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" compiled by the Eastern Han people, there are 267 characters beside the word "Yi", and the words beside the "towel" and "clothes" are all directly related to textile.

These words reflect the practice and achievements of textile production which have been prevalent before its first appearance.

Some of the archaic characters are very rare nowadays, and even the computer intelligent software can not be identified, but they vividly reflect the appearance of the beginning, formation and development of China's textile industry.

It is related to linen.

The earliest textile technology that our ancestors learned was to use hemp fibers, which can be traced back to about 5000 years ago.

Ge fiber was used very early, wild and artificial.

There are dozens of GE's collection and textile in Book of Songs.

In ancient times, it was called "sago", and the coarse Ge cloth was used as a phonetic system.

In order to ensure the supply of Ge fiber needed for weaving clothes, Zhou Dai set up a special official post called "palm Ge", which is responsible for collecting and planting Ge.

After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the application of Ge gradually declined. In the poems of Huang Ge, Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, noted interestingly: "Huang Geshengluo brook..."

I want to make a picture of you.

This thing is out of date, but it is the trace of the concubine's hands.

Later, its status was gradually replaced by Ma.

In China, artificial cultivation of marijuana, which is known as "Yin Xi" or "hemp" male plant, is very common in the two generation of Shang and Zhou dynasties.

During the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, wars were frequent. At that time, most of the army's clothing was linen, so the rulers of the feudal dynasty attached much importance to it.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, cannabis production was spread throughout the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Xinjiang. People had mastered the new method to identify the quality of hemp.

Another word is "ramie", referring to ramie.

Zhou Dai once said that ramie had already been planted artificially.

Although its distribution area is not as wide as that of hemp, it can be seen in the Yangtze River Valley and the the Yellow River River Basin.

In recent years, linen cloth has been found several times in Baoji and Fufeng, Shaanxi.

Ramie fiber is white and slender. It is suitable for weaving high quality fabrics. It is one of the important textile fiber materials in Shang and Zhou dynasties.

With the rapid development of the initial processing technology of bast fiber, the technology of retting and boiling is becoming more and more complete. It has been the bulk of the civilian population for quite a long time.

In ancient times, it was called "cloth", mainly referring to hemp fabrics.

Since cloth is the daily cloth used by the common people, it is also known as "Bu Yi" by the common people.

After the Song Dynasty, the status of bast fabrics gradually replaced by cotton cloth.

Related to silk:

China is the home of the world's silk. Silkworm reeling originated from the earliest and spread widely.

The initial processing technology of silk has developed rapidly, and there has been a specialized division of labor. For example, in the workshop of the government, there is a special post, which is responsible for spinning.

From Xia Dynasty to Warring States period, silk fabrics were commonly referred to as Yin Zeng.

Not only can people produce colorful silk fabrics, but they can also be classified and named according to the thickness, thickness, density, texture and maturity of fabrics.

Therefore, silk fabrics appeared most frequently in ancient literature, such as gauze, gauze, ribbon, ribbon, silk, silk, jade, jade, brocade and so on.

With the development of silk fabrics, its dyeing and printing techniques are becoming more and more sophisticated, and the printing process has been innovated. It is called vale (Sound Association), including the dyeing methods such as clip vale, twisted valerian and wax vale, which make a valuable contribution to our printing and dyeing technology.

Clip valiant is to use two patterns of flower plates to fold the silk and silk in the middle of the two boards, then to dye the dye or color paste on the hollow surface, remove the hollow plate, and display the symmetrical patterns. The technology is most practical and gradually prevail in the whole country.

With this printing method, special style products can be obtained, and this dyeing method is still retained in modern times.

Sericulture and silk industry has always been in the leading position in China's textile production.

The technology of mulberry cultivation, silkworm rearing, silk reeling and weaving has developed comprehensively, and the level of silk textile technology is much higher than that of other fibers.

With the development of the whole society and economy, sericulture and silk industry center has emerged. After that, it has slowly spread to other countries through various channels, and has opened the famous Silk Road and the maritime Silk Road, making China's silk products famous, and combining with the creation of the local people, which has greatly increased the level of silk production.

Related to Mao: ",", "," and "Brown".

The history of wool fiber utilization in China can be traced back to a very remote age.

As early as the early Xia Dynasty, there were already processed fur and woolen fabrics located in the northern and northwestern brotherhood.

Since the stone age, with the improvement of hunting technology and the development of animal husbandry, this kind of fiber has been used, but its proportion is lower than that of plant fiber.

Wool is the staple of wool fiber at that time. The sheep's character is simple and vivid. It has been preserved since ancient times.

In addition, there is also a "goat", which has a long history in weaving with cashmere, and Xinjiang is one of the origins of cashmere.

The ancient brotherly people used yak hair for weaving, such as the Tibetan ancestors, the Western Qiang people, who lived in Gansu, Sichuan, Qinghai, Tibet and other places. The ancient books recorded that the tents they lived in were "weaving ox tail or fleece".

In ancient times, the fine wool fabrics were collectively referred to as "(") ".

In July, "no clothes, no brown, how to die" is very popular.

Here Brown refers to coarse wool fabric, is one of the main materials of northern labor people.

Fine fine wool fabrics are mostly enjoyed by the nobility and the wealthy.

In the Yuan Dynasty, woollen fabrics were the traditional clothing fabrics of Mongolia people. The demand for wool fabrics increased sharply, and the scale of wool textile production had a new development compared with the previous generation.

There are many natural pastures in China. People living there have accumulated a lot of experience in raising sheep law and processing and utilizing wool fiber.

Although the cultural relics of woolen fabrics buried underground have been excavated in succession, they are much less than those of silk and hemp textiles, and need to be further explored and sorted out.

Related to cotton:

The earliest planting and utilization of cotton in China started in the Han Dynasty from Hainan Island, southwest and Northwest China, and was much later than hemp, silk and wool.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, Xinjiang began planting cotton and weaving it.

In ancient China, there were no cotton characters, only cotton characters, and silk floss.

With the increasing number of cotton fabrics, in order to distinguish from the cocoon, the cotton character has evolved from about 6 to eleventh Century.

Cotton has two kinds of annual and perennial.

One year old cotton, the ancient one, is popularized in the song and Yuan Dynasties. The perennial cotton generally refers to the kapok in the south, and it is called the wild butterfly.

Cotton is a good textile raw material. Wang Zhen's agricultural book says: "not silkworm and cotton, but not linen and cloth, and it is used to replace the felt blanket to make up the cost of brown clothes". The advantages of cotton and silk, linen and wool are compared.

In the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, intellectuals and superfigures in the North moved to the south of the Yangtze River in large numbers.

In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, the cotton textile technology in the Songjiang area of the Yangtze River Valley developed rapidly, and surpassed that of Fujian and Guangdong, and gradually became the center of the handmade cotton textile industry.

In the Ming Dynasty, the cotton textile industry gradually spread throughout the country.

This is mainly due to the fine characteristics of cotton fiber, which is listed in the preface of "the book of agriculture and kapok", "compared with silkworm, without harvest, it must be collected." the fine characteristics of "no matter how much work is done, the benefits of protecting the cold", plus many years of practice, a lot of new cotton varieties have been produced, which are suitable for planting in different climates, bringing opportunities for the development of places that are not suitable for planting grain and other cash crops.

More importantly, only a large area of cotton can satisfy the growing population's clothing demand.

Therefore, cotton gradually replaced hemp as the daily clothing material of the masses, and far exceeded silk in quantity.

By the early nineteenth Century, China's cotton cloth was exported to Western Europe, reaching three million per annum.

Since then, cotton has become the main raw material of China's textile industry.